![]() Note: NAT allows network engineers to be more flexible with their deployments, allowing many different use-cases to unfold. The default gateway being a router which is capable of forwarding the traffic to the destination IP address. When a computer needs to communicate to something which can not be found on the LAN, it sends traffic to the default gateway as per how the system is configured. On Linux this is done with the ip addr show or ifconfig command. You can check your IP address on Windows by running the command ipconfig within a Command Line Window. There are also other fields in the header which is used by the many features of the IP protocol, but which are outside the scope of this introduction class. The Source Address is the IP address of the system who is sending the packet, and destination is to whom the packet is intended. ![]() (September 1981) RFC 791, Internet Protocol, DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification, The Internet Society, p. Image Credits: By Michel Bakni - Postel, J. Packets on the network has headers which describe many of the important details we already discussed within the IP protocol. This is different than a switch as the switch forwards data within a network, while the router forwards between networks. A router is a networking device which understands the IP format and can forward packets between networks. In IP networks the traffic is routed by a router. This address is always 127.0.0.1 and is a /8 network. for communications between applications, it is sent to the localhost address. If traffic needs to be sent back to the host, e.g. The smallest netmask possible is 255.255.255.255, represented as /32. There are many applications and protocols which rely on broadcasting traffic in order for them to work.įor each network segment the broadcast is always last IP address in the network. Broadcasting data means sending data to everyone on the network instead of sending to just a single host. IP segments can be further broken up into smaller and more granular networks.Įach network has a reserved address for broadcasting traffic to every host in the network, this is called the broadcast address. 10.0.0.0/8 - More than 16 million IP addresses.Let us take a look at different networks within RFC1918 and how large the networks are: These kinds of IP addresses are commonly referred to as RFC1918 addresses. The IP addresses in the table above are reserved for only internal organizational use, meaning they should not be routed on the Internet. Some IP networks are reserved for only a certain kind of traffic. ![]() When using slash notation, the slash follows the systems IP address. Netmasks can be represented via decimal numbers or with a slash notation. The netmask dictates how large a network is and which packet is routed within the network and which should be routed outside of the network. This is accomplished by adding an extra piece of information, together with the IP address, called a netmask. IP networks can be broken into different sections, often called subnets. The addressing scheme in use is either IPv4 ("IP Version 4") or IPv6 ("IP Version 6"). IP is used to communicate across networks, not just across physical links, but between networks of routers.
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